Publications

65. High-Entropy Electrolytes in Sodium-Ion Batteries: Performance and Safety Perspective

S. Sudhakaran, Kausthubharam, B. S. Vishnugopi, P. P. Mukherjee, and V. G. Pol
ACS Energy Letters, 10, 4567-4571 (2025) 🔗

64. Co-design of Active Material and Solid Electrolyte Particulate Phases in Solid-State Battery Composite Electrodes

A. K. Sharma, B. S. Vishnugopi, A. Ayyaswamy, A. Nath, D. Chatterjee, D. Tewari, M. S. Ng, W. S. Tang, V. Premnath, J. A. Jeevarajan, and P. P. Mukherjee
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2025)

63. Mechanistic Interrogation of Li Stripping under Dynamic Operation in Solid-State Batteries

Kausthubharam, A. Ayyaswamy, B.S. Vishnugopi, D. Tewari, D.R.R. Kannan, V. Premnath, W.S. Tang, J.A. Jeevarajan, and P. P. Mukherjee
ACS Energy Letters, 10, 4212-4220 (2025)

62. Alloy Anodes: Mechanistic Regulation of Reaction and Transport at Solid–Solid Interfaces

D. Chatterjee, K. G. Naik, B. S. Vishnugopi, K. Aotani, Y. Aihara, Y. Furuya, and P. P. Mukherjee
ACS Energy Letters, 10, 4184-4193 (2025) 🔗

61. Mechanistic Trade-offs in Dense Cathode Architectures for High-Energy-Density Solid-State Batteries

K. G. Naik, C. Juarez-Yescas, B. S. Vishnugopi, S. Moradi, B. Shyam, H. Yang, B. Zahiri, P. V. Braun, and P. P. Mukherjee
EES Batteries (2025) 🔗

60. Ternary Potassium‐Bismuth‐Telluride Intermetallic Support Promotes Electrochemical Stability in Potassium Metal Anodes

R. Raj, Y. Wang, D. Yen, A. Singla, J. Diao, H. Hao, V. R. Kankanallu, B. S. Vishnugopi, M. Ge, J. Watt, G. Henkelman, Y. K. Chen‐Wiegart, P. P. Mukherjee, and D. Mitlin
Angewandte Chemie, 137 (32), e202502213 (2025) 🔗

59. Chemo-Mechanical Behavior and Stability of High-Loading Cathodes in Solid-State Batteries

S. H. Park, K. G. Naik, Bairav S. Vishnugopi, X. Xiao, M. Drakopoulos, N. T. Vo, Z. Zhong, P. P. Mukherjee, and K. B. Hatzell
ACS Nano, 19 (4), 22262-22269 (2025) 🔗

58. Morphological Heterogeneity Impact of Film Solid-State Cathode on Utilization and Fracture Dynamics

S. H. Park, C. Juarez-Yescas, K. G. Naik, Y. Wang, Y. Luo, D. Puthusseri, P. Kwon, B. S. Vishnugopi, B. Shyam, H. Yang, J. Cook, J. Okasinski, A. C. Chuang, X. Xiao, J. R. Greer, P. P. Mukherjee, B. Zahiri, P. V. Braun, and K. B. Hatzell
ACS Nano, 19 (23), 21878–21890 (2025) 🔗

57. Interface morphogenesis with a deformable secondary phase in solid-state lithium batteries

S. G. Yoon, B. S. Vishnugopi, D. L. Nelson, A. X. B. Yong, Y. Wang, S. E. Sandoval, T. A. Thomas, K. A. Cavallaro, P. Shevchenko, E. P. Alsaç, C. Wang, A. Singla, J. R. Greer, E. Ertekin, P. P. Mukherjee, and M. T. McDowell
Science, 388 (6751), 1062-1068 (2025) 🔗

56. Mechanistic understanding of silicon-graphite composite anode thermal stability in lithium-ion batteries

H. Zhou, A. Karmakar, A. S. J. Alujjage, B. S. Vishnugopi, J. S. Lowe, H. He, and P. P. Mukherjee
Energy Storage Materials, 79, 104334 (2025) 🔗

55. Probing the Mechanistic Role of the Catalyst Layer Microstructure in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers

N. Goswami, A. Ayyaswamy, A. Nath, B. S. Vishnugopi, and P. P. Mukherjee
Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 13 (16), 11793-11803 (2025) 🔗

54. Filament-Induced Failure in Lithium-Reservoir-Free Solid-State Batteries

S. H. Park, A. Ayyaswamy, J. Gjerde, W. B. Andrews, B. S. Vishnugopi, M. Drakopoulos, N. T. Vo, Z. Zhong, K. Thornton, P. P. Mukherjee, and K. B. Hatzell
ACS Energy Letters, 10 (3), 1174-1182 (2025) 🔗

53. Internal Temperature Evolution Metrology and Analytics in Li-Ion Cells

A. S. J. Alujjage, B. S. Vishnugopi, A. Karmakar, D. P. Magee, Y. Barsukov, and P. P. Mukherjee
Advanced Functional Materials, 2417273 (2025) 🔗

52. Chemo-Mechanics Interplay Dictates Interface Instability and Asymmetry in Plating and Stripping of Sodium Metal Electrodes

A. Singla, K.G. Naik, B. S. Vishnugopi, and P. P. Mukherjee
Advanced Functional Materials, 35 (13), 2418033 (2025) 🔗

51. Control of Two Solid Electrolyte Interphases at the Negative Electrode of an Anode‐Free All Solid‐State Battery based on Argyrodite Electrolyte

Y. Wang, V. Raj, K. G. Naik, B. S. Vishnugopi, J. Cho, M. Nguyen, E. A. Recker, Y. Su, H. Celio, A. Dolocan, Z. A. Page, J. Watt, G. Henkelman, Q. H. Tu, P. P. Mukherjee, and D. Mitlin
Advanced Materials, 37 (11), 2410948 (2025) 🔗

50. Electro-Chemo-Mechanics of Anode-Free Solid-State Batteries

S. E. Sandoval, C. G. Haslam, B. S. Vishnugopi, D. W. Liao, J. S. Yoon, S. H. Park, Y. Wang, D. Mitlin, K. B. Hatzell, D. J. Siegel, P. P. Mukherjee, N. P. Dasgupta, J. Sakamoto, and M. T. McDowell
Nature Materials, 24 (5), 673-681 (2024)

49. Performance metrics and mechanistic considerations for the development of 3D batteries

K. Nieto, D. S. Windsor, B. S. Vishnugopi, P. P. Mukherjee, and A. L. Prieto
Nature Reviews Chemistry, 9 (2), 118-133 (2024)

48. Lithium Kinetics in Ag–C Porous Interlayer in Reservoir-Free Solid-State Batteries

S. H. Park, K.G. Naik, B. S. Vishnugopi, P. P. Mukherjee, and K. B. Hatzell
Advanced Energy Materials, 15 (16), 2405129 (2024) 🔗

47. Evaluating Pressure-dependent Discharge Behavior of Foil Versus In situ Plated Lithium Metal Anodes in Solid-State Batteries

C. G. Haslam, J. K. Eckhardt, A. Ayyaswamy, B. S. Vishnugopi, T. Fuchs, D. W. Liao, N. P. Dasgupta, P. P. Mukherjee, J. Janek, and J. Sakamoto
Advanced Energy Materials, 15 (12), 2403614 (2024)

46. Quantifying the effect of degradation modes on Li-ion battery thermal instability and safety

V. Kabra, A. Karmakar, B.S. Vishnugopi, and P. P. Mukherjee
Energy Storage Materials, 74, 103878 (2024)

45 . Interdependence of Support Wettability - Electrodeposition Rate- Sodium Metal Anode and SEI Microstructure

C. Lo, Y. Wang, V. R. Kankanallu, A. Singla, D. Yen, X. Zheng, K. G. Naik, B. S. Vishnugopi, C. Campbell, V. Raj, C. Zhao, L. Ma, J. Bai, F. Yang, R. Li, M. Ge, J. Watt, P. P. Mukherjee, D. Mitlin, and Y. K. Chen-Wiegart
Angewandte Chemie, 137 (8), e202412550 (2024)

44. Interrogating the Role of Stack Pressure in Transport-Reaction Interaction in the Solid-State Battery Cathode

K.G. Naik, M. K. Jangid B.S. Vishnugopi, N. P. Dasgupta, and P. P. Mukherjee
Advanced Energy Materials, 15 (10), 2403360 (2024)

43. Electrode–Electrolyte Interactions Dictate Thermal Stability of Sodium-Ion Batteries

S. Sarkar, A. Karmakar, B.S. Vishnugopi , J. A. Jeevarajan, and P. P. Mukherjee
Chemical Communications, 60 (88), 12868-12871 (2024)

42. Benchmarking the Reproducibility of All-Solid-State Battery Cell Performance

S. Puls, E. Nazmutdinova, F. Kalyk, H. M. Woolley, J. F. Thomsen, Z. Cheng, A. Fauchier-Magnan, A. Gautam, M. Gockeln, S.-Y. Ham, M. T. Hasan, M.-G. Jeong, D. Hiraoka, J. S. Kim, T. Kutsch, B. Lelotte, P. Minnmann, V. Miß, K. Motohashi, D. L. Nelson, F. Ooms, F. Piccolo, C. Plank, M. Rosner, S. E. Sandoval, E. Schlautmann, R. Schuster, D. Spencer-Jolly, Y. Sun, B. S Vishnugopi, R. Zhang, H. Zheng, P. Adelhelm, T. Brezesinski, P. G. Bruce, M. Danzer, M. E. Kazzi, H. Gasteiger, K. B. Hatzell, A. Hayashi, F. Hippauf, J. Janek, Y. S. Jung, M. T. McDowell, Y. S. Meng, P. P. Mukherjee, S. Ohno, B. Roling, A. Sakuda, J. Schwenzel, X. Sun, C. Villevieille, M. Wagemaker, W. G. Zeier, and N. M. Vargas-Barbosa
Nature Energy, 9 (10), 1310-1320 (2024)

41. A Multi-scale Framework for Advancing Battery Safety Through Early Calorimetric Analysis of Materials and Components

A. Bates, L. Torres-Castro, P. Albertus, P. P. Mukherjee, J. A. Jeevarajan, N. Johnson, B. Bhargava, X. Wang, T. Ogundipe, B. S. Vishnugopi, A. Karmakar, and W. S. Tang
The Electrochemical Society Interface, 33 (3), 69 (2024)

40. Heterogeneous Solid Electrolyte Interphase Interactions Dictate Interface Instability in Sodium Metal Electrodes

A. Singla, K.G. Naik, B. S. Vishnugopi, and P. P. Mukherjee
Advanced Science, 11 (36), 2404887 (2024)

39. Synergistic Evolution of Alloy Nanoparticles and Carbon in Solid-State Lithium Metal Anode Composites at Low Stack Pressure

S. G. Yoon, B. S. Vishnugopi, E. P. Alsaç, W. J. Jeong, S. E, Sandoval, D. L. Nelson, A. Ayyaswamy, P. P. Mukherjee, and M. T. McDowell
ACS Nano, 18 (31), 20792-20805 (2024)

38. Alumina‐Stabilized SEI and CEI in Potassium Metal Batteries

P. Liu, H. Hao, A. Singla, B. S. Vishnugopi, J. Watt, P. P. Mukherjee, and D. Mitlin
Angewandte Chemie, 63 (31), e202402214 (2024)

37. Operando Investigation on the Role of Densification and Chemo-Mechanics on Solid-State Cathodes

M. Jeong, K.G. Naik, Y. Zheng, W. J. Suk, B. S. Vishnugopi, L. Lin, D. Puthusseri, A. C. Chuang, J. S. Okasinki, J. Sakamoto, P. P. Mukherjee, and K. B. Hatzell
Advanced Energy Materials, 14 (23), 2304544 (2024) 🔗

36. Temperature Impact on Lithium Metal Morphology in Lithium Reservoir-Free Solid-State Batteries

M. Jeong, K. B. Hatzell, S. Banerjee, B. S. Vishnugopi, and P. P. Mukherjee
PRX Energy, 3 (2), 023003 (2024) 🔗

35. Nonintuitive Role of Solid Electrolyte Porosity on Failure

L. Lin, A. Ayyaswamy, Y. Zheng, A. Fan, B. S. Vishnugopi, P. P. Mukherjee, and K. B. Hatzell
ACS Energy Letters, 9, 2387-2393 (2024)

34. Mechanical Milling – Induced Microstructure Changes in Argyrodite LPSCl Solid-State Electrolyte Critically Affect Electrochemical Stability

Y. Wang, H. Hao, K.G. Naik, B. S. Vishnugopi, C. D. Fincher, Q. Yan, V. Raj, H. Celio, G. Yang, H. Fang, Y. Chiang, F. A. Perras, P. Jena, J. Watt, P. P. Mukherjee, and D. Mitlin
Advanced Energy Materials, 14 (23), 2304530 (2024) 🔗

33. Uncertainty Quantification and Propagation in Lithium-ion Battery Electrodes using Bayesian Convolutional Neural Networks

C. Norris, A. Ayyaswamy, B. S. Vishnugopi, C. Martinez, S. A. Roberts, and P. P. Mukherjee
Energy Storage Materials, 67, 103251 (2024) 🔗

32. Dendrite Growth—Microstructure—Stress—Interrelations in Garnet Solid‐State Electrolyte

V. Raj, K.G. Naik, B. S. Vishnugopi, A. K. Rana, A. S. Manning, S. R. Mahapatra, KR Varun, V. Singh, A. Nigam, J. D. Mcbrayer P. P. Mukherjee, N. P. B. Aetukuri, and D. Mitlin
Advanced Energy Materials, 14 (15), 2303062 (2024) 🔗

31. State-of-Charge Implications of Thermal Runaway in Li-ion Cells and Modules

A. Karmakar, H. Zhou, B.S. Vishnugopi, J.A. Jeevarajan, and P. P. Mukherjee
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 171 (1), 010529 (2024) 🔗

30. Electrodeposition Stability Landscape for Solid–Solid Interfaces

D. Chatterjee, K.G. Naik, B.S. Vishnugopi, and P. P. Mukherjee
Advanced Science, 11 (6), 2307455 (2024) 🔗

29. Thermal Runaway Propagation Analytics and Crosstalk in Lithium-Ion Battery Modules

A. Karmakar, H. Zhou, B.S. Vishnugopi, and P. P. Mukherjee
Energy Technology, 12 (2), 2300707 (2023)

28. Li-ion Battery Safety: A Perspective on Hierarchy of Scales

A. Karmakar, H. Zhou, B.S. Vishnugopi, and P. P. Mukherjee
Annual Review of Heat Transfer, 26, 11-68 (2023)

27. Tuned Reactivity at the Lithium Metal–Argyrodite Solid State Electrolyte Interphase

H. Hao, Y. Liu, S. M. Greene, G. Yang, K. G. Naik, B.S. Vishnugopi, Y. Wang, H. Celio, A. Dolocan, W. Tsai, R. Fang, J. Watt, P. P. Mukherjee, D. J. Siegel, and D. Mitlin
Advanced Energy Materials, 13 (46), 2301338

26. Structural and Electrochemical Evolution of Alloy Interfacial Layers in Anode-Free Solid-State Batteries

S.E. Sandoval, J.A. Lewis, B.S. Vishnugopi, D.L. Nelson, M.M. Schneider, F.J.Q. Cortes, C.M. Matthews, J. Watt, M. Tian, P. Shevchenko, P. P. Mukherjee, and M.T. McDowell
Joule, 7 (9), 2054-2073 (2023)

25. Revealing Hidden Predicaments to Lithium-ion Battery Dynamics for Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft

A. Ayyaswamy, B.S. Vishnugopi, and P. P. Mukherjee
Joule, 7 (9), 2016-2034 (2023)

24. Intermetallics Based on Sodium Chalcogenides Promote Stable Electrodeposition–Electrodissolution of Sodium Metal Anodes

Y. Wang, H. Dong, N. Katyal, B.S. Vishnugopi, M. K. Singh, H. Hao, Y. Liu, P. Liu, P. P. Mukherjee, G. Henkelman, J. Watt, and D. Mitlin
Advanced Energy Materials, 13 (27), 2204402 (2023)

23. Influence of Potassium Metal-Support Interactions on Dendrite Growth

P. Liu, D. Yen, B.S. Vishnugopi, V. R. Kankanallu, D. Gürsoy, M. Ge, J. Watt, P. P. Mukherjee, Y. K. Chen-Wiegart, and D. Mitlin
Angewandte Chemie, 62 (23), e202300943 (2023)

22. Fluorinated Ethylene Carbonate as Additive to Glyme Electrolytes for Robust Sodium Solid Electrolyte Interface

S. Sarkar, M. J. Lefler, B.S. Vishnugopi, R. B. Nuwayhid, C. T. Love, R. Carter, and P. P. Mukherjee
Cell Reports Physical Science, 4 (4) (2023) 🔗

21. Electro-Chemo-Mechanical Challenges and Perspective in Lithium Metal Batteries

K. G. Naik, B.S. Vishnugopi, J. Datta, D. Datta, and P. P. Mukherjee
Applied Mechanics Reviews, 75 (1), 010802 (2023)

20. Asymmetric Contact Loss Dynamics during Plating and Stripping in Solid-State Batteries

B.S. Vishnugopi, K.G. Naik, H. Kawakami, N. Ikeda, Y. Mizuno, R. Iwamura, T. Kotaka, K. Aotani, Y. Tabuchi, and P. P. Mukherjee
Advanced Energy Materials, 13 (8), 2203671 (2023) 🔗

19. Heterogeneities affect Solid-State Battery Cathode Dynamics

K.G. Naik, B.S. Vishnugopi, and P. P. Mukherjee
Energy Storage Materials, 55, 312-321 (2023)

18. Interphases and Electrode Crosstalk Dictate the Thermal Stability of Solid-State Batteries

B.S. Vishnugopi, M.T. Hasan, H. Zhou, and P. P. Mukherjee
ACS Energy Letters, 8 (1), 398 (2023)

17. Stable Anode-Free All-Solid-State Lithium Battery through Tuned Metal Wetting on the Copper Current Collector

Y. Wang, Y. Liu, M. Nguyen, J. Cho, N. Katyal, B.S. Vishnugopi, H. Hao, R. Fang, N. Wu, P. Liu, P. P. Mukherjee, J. Nanda, G. Henkelman, J. Watt, and D. Mitlin
Advanced Materials, 35 (8), 2206762 (2023)

16. Underpinnings of Multiscale Interactions and Heterogeneities in Li-Ion Batteries: Electrode Microstructure to Cell Format

M. Parmananda, B.S. Vishnugopi, H. Garg, and P. P. Mukherjee
Energy Technology, 11 (11), 2200691

15. Polymorphism of Garnet Solid Electrolytes and its Implications for Grain-Level Chemo-Mechanics

M.B. Dixit, B.S. Vishnugopi, W. Zaman, P. Kenesei, J.S. Park, J. Almer, P. P. Mukherjee, and K.B. Hatzell
Nature Materials, 21 (11), 1298-1305 (2022)

14. Kinetics or Transport – Whither goes the Solid-State Battery Cathode?

K.G Naik, B.S. Vishnugopi, and P. P. Mukherjee
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 14 (26), 29754-29765 🔗

13. Chemomechanical Interactions Dictate Lithium Surface Diffusion Kinetics in the Solid Electrolyte Interphase

F. Hao, B.S. Vishnugopi, H. Wang, and P. P. Mukherjee
Langmuir, 38 (18), 5472-5480 (2022)

12. Mechanistic Underpinnings of Morphology Transition in Electrodeposition under the Application of Pulsatile Potential

T. Dhara, U.U. Ghosh, A. Ghosh, B.S. Vishnugopi, P. P. Mukherjee, and S. Dasgupta
Langmuir, 38 (16), 4879-4886 (2022)

11. Advancements in Extreme Fast Charging to Foster Sustainable Electrification

X.G. Yang, B.S. Vishnugopi, P. P. Mukherjee, W. Wang, F. Sun, and C.Y. Wang
One Earth, 5 (3), 216-219 (2022)

10. Mesoscale Interrogation Reveals Mechanistic Origins of Lithium Filaments along Grain Boundaries in Inorganic Solid Electrolytes

B.S. Vishnugopi, M.B. Dixit, F. Hao, B. Shyam, J.B. Cook, K.B. Hatzell, and P. P. Mukherjee
Advanced Energy Materials, 12 (3), 2102825 (2022)

9. Mechanistic Insight into Lithium Electrodeposition in Porous Host Architectures

F. Hao, B.S. Vishnugopi, A. Verma, and P. P. Mukherjee
Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 125, 25369 (2021) 🔗

8. Challenges and Opportunities for Fast Charging of Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries

B.S. Vishnugopi, E. Kazyak, J.A. Lewis, J. Nanda, M.T. McDowell, N.P. Dasgupta, and P. P. Mukherjee
ACS Energy Letters, 6 (10), 3734 (2021)

7. Co-Electrodeposition Mechanism in Rechargeable Metal Batteries

B.S. Vishnugopi, F. Hao, A. Verma, L. Marbella, V. Viswanathan, and P. P. Mukherjee
ACS Energy Letters, 6 (6), 2190 (2021)

6. Modulating Nanoinhomogeneity at Electrode–Solid Electrolyte interfaces for Dendrite‐proof Solid‐State Batteries and Long‐life Memristors

Z. Lu, Z. Yang, C. Li, K. Wang, J. Han, P. Tong, G. Li, B. S. Vishnugopi, P. P. Mukherjee, C. Yang, and W. Li
Advanced Energy Materials, 11 (16), 2003811

5. Linking Void and Interphase Evolution to Electrochemistry in Solid-State Batteries using Operando X-ray Tomography

J.A. Lewis, F.J.Q. Cortes, Y. Liu, J.C. Miers, A. Verma, B.S. Vishnugopi, J. Tippens, D. Prakash, T.S. Marchese, S.Y. Han, C. Lee, P.P. Shetty, H.-W. Lee, P. Shevchenko, F. De Carlo, C. Saldana, P.P. Mukherjee, and M.T. McDowell
Nature Materials, 20 (4), 503-510 (2021) 🔗

4. Morphology-Safety Implications of Interfacial Evolution in Lithium Metal Anodes

B.S. Vishnugopi, A. Verma, and P. P. Mukherjee
Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 124 (31), 16784 (2020) 🔗

Bairav Sabarish Vishnugopi